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Foundations and Slabs

Many older homes have foundations that have cracked or settled. Check the foundation wall for deterioration that could allow water to enter the basement. Check both foundation walls and piers for settling. Windows or door frames out of square or loosened interior wall finish suggest that the foundation has settled. Correct minor settling by jacking and re-leveling beams and floor joists. Individual piers can be replaced. But if the pier has stopped settling, jack the supported girder or joist and add a block to the top of the pier.

Most concrete foundation walls develop minor hairline cracks that have no effect on the structure. However, open cracks may indicate a failure of the foundation that’s getting progressively worse. To find out if a crack is active or dormant, scratch a line at the end of the crack and wedge a nail tightly into the crack. If the crack grows beyond the scratch mark or if the nail can be removed easily several months later, the crack is probably active.

If a crack is dormant, it can be repaired by routing and sealing. Enlarge the crack with a concrete saw or by chipping with hand tools. The crack should be routed 1-1/4" or more in width and about the same depth. Rinse the joint clean and let it dry. Then apply a joint sealer such as an epoxy-cement compound in accord with the manufacturer's instructions.

Active cracks require an elastic sealant. Again, follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Good-quality concrete sealant will remain pliable for many years. The minimum routing depth and width for these sealants is 3/4". The elastic material will deform but maintain a tight seal as the crack moves. You could also apply a strip sealant over the crack. But these protrude from the surface and make a poor choice if the wall is visible from the building exterior.

Repair loose mortar by brushing thoroughly to remove dust and loose particles. Before applying new mortar, dampen the clean surface so that it won’t absorb water during repair. You can buy premixed mortar with the consistency of putty. Apply mortar over the cavity as if you were filling a void with painter’s caulk. For a good bond, force mortar into the crack. Then smooth the surface with a trowel. Cover with a vapor barrier for a few days to keep the mortar from drying too fast.

Damp or leaky basement walls are usually caused by clogged drain tile, clogged or broken downspouts, cracks in walls, or by water that puddles against the foundation. Look for downspouts that empty against the foundation wall or surface drainage channeling by the foundation. For a dry basement, keep water away from the foundation by proper grading.

Pre-construction ChecklistPre-construction Checklist

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A high water table is a more serious problem. A basement will never be completely dry if the water table extends above the basement floor. Heavy foundation waterproofing or footing drains may help, but they’re unlikely to do more than minimize the problem.

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Home Imrovement and Remodeling Complete Home Improvement and Remodeling. We offer Kitchens in a week and Bathrooms in four days. Custom Fireplace remodeling. Visit our web site for more details and a list of services that we offer.

Services: Home remodeling, kitchen remodeling, bathroom remodeling, additions, renovations, design, building, cabinetry, countertops, improvements, construction, architecture, custom design, custom interior, custom exterior, custom baths, and more.
  
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